Hannibal Barca was a renowned general and statesman. Father of Hannibal. Web. Castellacio, 7 miles north-west of Palermo),[26] and not only maintained himself against all attacks, but carried on with his seaborne raids ranging from Catana[27] in Sicily to as far as Cumae in central Italy. Hamilcar had been undefeated and was forced to make peace. Furthermore, Hamilcar allied with Hasdrubal the Fair,[80] his future son in law, to restrict the power of the aristocracy, which was led by Hanno the Great,[81] as well as gain immunity from prosecution. Hamilcar was a Carthaginian commander whose greatest achievement was winning the Battle of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War. 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Byk komutan Hannibal'n babas. Hamilcar Capital is currently advising its consortium of selected investors in transactions across various sectors such as construction, logistics, agro business, leisure & tourism, real estate and infrastructure spread throughout Botswana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya. They had remained in power throughout the Mercenary War and had advocated Hanno's position over Hamilcar's more than once. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. Hey, this is another piece I wrote, this time a mini biography. [33] Hamilcar managed to inflict severe casualties on the Romans soon after, and when the Roman consul requested a truce to bury his dead, Hamilcar replied that his quarrel was with the living only and the dead had already settled their dues, and granted the truce.[34]. [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. (Encyclopaedia Britannica . His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. Newest results. The rebels mutilated prisoners, and Hamilcar had his captives trampled on by elephants. 143; Miano, Diccion. Worldhistory.us - For those who want to understand the History, not just to read it. He then landed on the north coast of Sicily, seizing Mt. The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. Il mata ensuite une rbellion plus proche de chez lui entre 241 et 237 av. #1. Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. ; Carthaginian general; commanded Carthage's forces in Sicily (247-241) during the First Punic War against Rome; traveled to Spain (237) to rebuild Carthaginian influences there; drowned during the withdrawal from the siege of Helice in 229) [121] Without Punic records to cross reference, these remain mere supposition. Thank you! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Nothing had come of these supposed episodes and some scholars doubt their authenticity. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. He then left Ercte for Mount Eryx (modern Erice near Trapani), which he held until 241. [72] This probably dealt a fatal blow to any chance of permanent peace between Rome and Carthage[73] and is one of the causes of the Second Punic War and held as the motivation of the subsequent military and political activities of Hamilcar.[74]. [118] Despite the similarities between the name of the Barcid family and that of the modern city, it is usually accepted that the origin of the name "Barcelona" is the Iberian Barkeno.[119]. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Hamilcar next moved to confront the army of Matho at Tunis. After mustering their forces, a decisive battle was fought probably near the town of Leptis Minor. [63] The people's assembly chose Hannibal of Paropos, son of another Hamilcar and a veteran of the First Punic War as Hamilcar's deputy. J.-C. avant de retourner l'tranger, o il russit tendre les intrts carthaginois dans le sud de l'Espagne. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Hannibal Barca, born Carthage 247 B.C, Hannibal Barcar was the son of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. Education. Monolito Amilcar Elche Sierra.jpg 640 480; 43 KB. While he may appear to be an old man, he is one of the most powerful of the Twelve Zoalords, the co-founder of Cronos and its leading scientist. Hannibal, (born 247 bce, North Africadied c. 183-181 bce, Libyssa, Bithynia [near Gebze, Turkey]), Carthaginian general, one of the great military leaders of antiquity, who commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (218-201 bce) and who continued to oppose Rome and its satellites until his death. He is of average height for a gladiator, has tawny skin, and well-trimmed black hair with a small beard. Carthage faced a joint rebellion of mercenary troops, understandably upset at not having been paid for their efforts in the first Punic War, Libyan groups seizing the opportunity of a weakened Carthage to rebel, and several cities looking for independence such as Tunis and Utica. Elsewhere, things did not go so well. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. [5] Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. [78] This event may have taken place as early as 241 BC or more likely in 237 BC. Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. Neither side should make war on the other's allies, or seek to change their allegiance by allying with them directly or interfering with their internal affairs. Hamilcar's first priority, probably, was to ensure that the war indemnity was paid regularly so the Romans had no excuse to interfere in Carthaginian affairs. Hamilcar Barca was a member of the Barcid clan of Carthage and the father of Hannibal Barca, Rome's most notorious enemy, who crossed the Alps and caused havoc in Italy in the Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE). History Themes. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. After lots of digging and research, it has been proven that the renowned Hannibal was African and Black. He supplemented his original force of some 25,000 with local recruits and amassed a 50,000-strong army which included a corps of Numidian cavalry (supplied by Prince Naravas) and 100 elephants. The war started to improve for Carthage when they were aided by Rome, who repatriated captured Carthaginian soldiers for free, and the tyrant of Syracuse Hiero, who feared that without Carthage then Rome might act at will in the central Mediterranean. They chose Hamilcar. World History Encyclopedia. Hannibal son of Hamilcar Barca was an African in the sense that he was born in Africa, but he was relative light-skinned, the same way that Tunisians are today. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. Please support World History Encyclopedia. More About Hamilcar: Astrological Sign: Aries: Date of birth: April 6, 1964: Religion . Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. ), pater Hannibalis, fuit vir publicus, dux Punicus, et conditor Barcidarum generis. [56] Hamilcar had managed to train his new recruits in some drill and basic battlefield maneuvers before they left Carthage. [43], Lutatius did not have the authority to ratify the agreement he made with Hamilcar, so he forwarded them to the Comitia Centuriata in Rome. Geiger Richrd - grg npek Hamilkr karthgi kirly az oltrnl megli magt.jpg 690 1,027; 177 KB. 116117, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, p135-36, Lazenby, J.F, The First Punic War, p. 175. Omissions? [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. In these conflicts, Hamilcar had switched Carthage from a naval power to a land power with great success, and he firmly established the Barcid family as the ruling house of Carthage. The Carthaginians were marching in good order so they could perform a pre-planned manoeuvre which they had practiced in Carthage, but the rebels, many of whom were inexperienced soldiers, believed that the Carthaginians were running away. The name Hamilcar (PunicPhoenician mlqrt, brother of Melqart) was a common name for Carth Iberia would also serve as a base for any future conflicts against the Romans which would be independent of political interference from Carthage, and the campaigns would enhance the reputation of Hamilcar Barca. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Hamilcar Barca. xxiv. While Hamilcar won no large-scale battle or recaptured any cities lost to the Romans, he waged a relentless campaign against the enemy, and caused a constant drain on Roman resources. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. [23] The Romans had divided their forces: Consul L. Caelius Metellus was near Lilybaeum, while Numerius Fabius Buteo was besieging Drepanum at that time. This act would have an incredibly psychological impact on the surrounding Roman population in those days. Quoting Tony Bath, "The Barca family, which originally came from Cyrene, was a powerful one but not at that time among the first families of Carthage". Of the eight coins, only five coins are not recognized by European archeologists and historians. These were taken to Tunis, the rebel capital, and crucified in full sight of Mathos' army. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. This page was last edited on 26 October 2022, at 21:30. According to Cornelius Nepot, "he provided the whole of Africa with horses, weapons, and money". When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Moored in the water, we can see a large . In expanding his power to the European continent, Hamilcar reinvigorated the Carthaginian empire, regained needed resources, and prepared a base for renewing war against Rome, which his son Hannibal would famously do in the Second Punic War. While harassing Roman troops with guerrilla tactics in western Sicily, Hamilcar staged a landing on the north coast, capturing Mount Ercte (probably Pellegrino near Palermo), which he held in the face of determined Roman attempts to dislodge him (247244). Prior to his departure from Carthage, Hamilcar made sacrifices to obtain favorable omens and Hannibal swore never to be a "Friend of Rome" and "Never to show goodwill to the Romans". [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. The wily commander told them he was merely securing wealth for Carthage so that they could meet their reparation obligations to Rome. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Carthage had beaten a Roman army in Africa, but Rome seemed able to replace their naval fleets at will. [110] Massalia, probably alarmed by the Carthaginian advance towards their area of influence, mentioned this expansion to the Romans, who decided to investigate the matter. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat. "Death Date: 229. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. The Roman Republic was nearly bankrupt and had to borrow money from wealthy citizens to fund the construction of a fleet of 200 quinqueremes, which blockaded Carthaginian positions in Sicily in 242 BC by seizing the harbour of Drepana and anchorages at Lilybaeum, while Roman soldiers built siege works around Drepanum. Hamilcar Barca is listed in the tavern under Others and costs 17,000,000 gold. The relations between Carthage and the Iberian Peninsula have mainly been viewed from the perspective of military domination. When Utica and Hippo Acra held out, Hanno and Hamilcar besieged them, eventually receiving their surrender on terms. He employed combined arms tactics, like Alexander and Pyrrhus,[20] and his strategy was similar to the one employed by Quintus Fabius Maximus in the Second Punic War, ironically against Hannibal, the eldest son of Hamilcar Barca, in Italy during 217 BC. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. Legend tells that he founded the port of Barcino (deriving its name from the Barca family), which was later adopted and used by the Roman Empire and is, today, the city of Barcelona. [62] Hamilcar occupied the bridge, then established control over the surrounding region. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 01 June 2016. Italy. of 1 World History Encyclopedia, 01 Jun 2016. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. The name Hamilcar (Punic-Phoenician mlqrt, "brother of Melqart") was a common name for Carthaginian men. [64] In response, Hamilcar began to harass the rebel supply lines and soon the rebels were placed in a state of siege. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. The Iberians had support from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of two chieftains, Istolatios and his brother. Shouting encouragement to each other they broke into a run to pursue. But the rebels would sally out from their camp at Tunis and approach the city walls to cause terror inside the city. Had Hamilcar suffered a decisive defeat, casualties and prisoners would have diminished their numbers and Carthage would have had an excuse not to pay anything. Sicily had been the principal battleground but had yet to see a decisive victory for either side. Amazons Who Were the Ancient Female Warriors? World History Encyclopedia. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. By the time Hamilcar had conquered southern and south-east Spain, Rome became suspicious of their old enemy's intentions. ". vol. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Punic Mercenaries stationed in Sardinia had rebelled in 239 BC, besieged Boaster and all Carthaginians in a citadel and later executed them after the fort fell. Hanno the Great was aligned with them and they espoused peaceful relations with Rome, even at the cost of abandoning overseas territories. [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. [39], This treaty replaced all previous treaties between the two powers. Hamilcar was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 BC, when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. [67] The rebel army was slaughtered, with the elephants trampling most to death. Sicily. First, Hamilcar broke the rebel siege of Carthage and then defeated an army led by Spendius near the Bagradas River. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. J.-C.). The rebel army was starved of supplies and eventually sought to surrender. found: The Encyclopedia Americana, c1992: p. 736 (Hamilcar Barca, d. 229 B.C. luminat) i no era un nom familiar sin un renom personal, encara que a la seva famlia se la distingeix desprs amb el nom dels Barca o Barcins. 2 Although before his arrival the Carthaginians were faring badly by land, and sea, wherever he was present in person he never yielded . "Hamilcar Barca." So he did. America's Black dilemma [Barca, Hamilcar] on Amazon.com. Corn Fleuron T083009-22.png 1,086 649; 65 KB. The initial conditions laid out by Lutatius to Gisco were:[40], Hamilcar Barca refused the demand to surrender Roman deserters or disarm Carthaginian soldiers, despite being threatened by Lutatius to have the Punic army pass under the yoke. He was assigned the command in Sicily in 247 in the First Punic War (see Punic Wars). This led to the Second Punic War and Hannibal taking the army across the Alps into Italy. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. However, if Hamilcar had hoped to recapture Panormus, he failed in his strategy. Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 elephants with which to face the rebels. Hamilcar simply replied that he was fighting to gather enough booty to pay off the war indemnity. Some of Hamilcars anger at Rome was transferred to his son Hannibal, whoaccording to Polybius and Livyswore eternal enmity against Rome. Hamilcar offered to allow all the rebels to depart freely with a single garment, but retained the right to detain 10 persons. Hamilcar exited the valley and, after a hard-fought battle, defeated the army of Spendius. Hamilcar Barca "Carthaginian general, led forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War. According to Polybius and Livy, Hannibal's father Hamilcar Barca made the 9-year-old Hannibal dip his hand in blood and swear an oath of hatred against Rome. Carthage would pay 2,200 silver talents in 10 year installments, and 1,000 talents immediately; a total of 3,200 talents as war reparations. Carthage will ransom all Punic prisoners, while all Roman prisoners would be freed without payment of ransom. The Carthaginian army was caught in a pincer movement; Hamilcar pretended to retreat, and Spendius likely attempted to trap the outnumbered Carthaginians against the river with his two forces, pinning them with one and out-flanking them with the other. [88] Phoenician colonies were strung along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of southwestern Spain and exercised some degree of control over their immediate areas, but only had trading contacts, not direct control, over the tribes of Iberia at that time. For at a time when some say Hannibal was black and others that he was white, De Sousa tells us (and other ancient Iberian historians agree) that Hamilcar Barca had taken a Lusitanian woman as bride and had children by her. When he was replaced by Hannibal in 221 BCE, the Carthaginians broke the territorial agreement with Rome of 226 BCE not to cross the River Ebro and attacked Rome's ally Saguntum (Sagunto). He fights with a sword and shield, which could mean he fights as either a Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated about the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily and Sardinia. [29] Hamilcar continued his activities unhindered from his position for another two years, being supplied by road from Drepana,[32] although Carthaginian ships had been withdrawn from Sicily by this time and no naval raids were launched. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (ca. First Punic War. We care about our planet! Barca was perhaps a family name, though more probably an epithet meaning lightning.. Hamilcar Barca (ca. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian expedition to Spain in 237BC, and for eight years expanded the territory of Carthage in Spain before dying in battle in 228 BC. Spendius rallied his forces, was reinforced by a detachment largely made of Gauls under Autaritus and shadowed Hamilcar as he advanced south east, keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry and harassing their enemy at every possible opportunity. Carthaginians may have taken control of the mining operations and introduced new technologies to increase production. Furthermore, Hamilcar had invited Hanno the Great to join forces and try to end the rebellion as quickly as possible, but the generals failed to cooperate. 23 Hamilcar Barca Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 23 Hamilcar Barca Premium High Res Photos Browse 23 hamilcar barca stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. While Hamilcar campaigned in Iberia, Rome was entangled in Sardinia, Corsica and Liguria, where the natives had put up stiff resistance against Roman occupation campaigns had been fought in these areas between 236 231 BC to retain and expand Roman dominion. Commercial Artist, Barber, Sign Language Interpreter, Blind Mobility Aide. [41] Lutatius did not press the issue further, and the Carthaginian soldiers were later allowed to leave Sicily under arms with their honor intact,[42] and without any token of submission a rare gesture granted by the Romans to a defeated enemy. This is the second and most important cause of the. In fact, when we were filing this paper's 'Bush Telegraph' column from safari camps all over . The total investment volume is $500 million . Hamilcar raised an army of 10,000 with Romes cooperation and battled the rebels for four years before recapturing his provinces in north Africa. [9] The situation changed when the surprise attack on the Carthaginian fleet met defeat at the Battle of Drepana[10] and the following Carthaginian victory at the Battle of Phintias; the Romans were all but swept from the sea. The Carthaginians will evacuate all Sicily. Poirson5.gif 449 637; 129 KB. The following 13 files are in this category, out of 13 total. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie & John Glenn Avenue Columbus, OH 43210. There, after several skirmishes, Hamilcar cornered the enemy at 'the Saw' (Prion), a ridge in the Libyan mountains. Not only did the Carthaginians lose the First Punic War and so the control of Sicily but they were also compelled to pay huge reparations to Rome. Hamilcar's victory opened communication with Utica, and gave Hamilcar the chance to bring nearby towns under Carthaginian control by force or negotiations. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 193, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 145, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 146, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p147, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p148, Lazenby, John .F, The First Punic War, p. 157, Diodorus Siculus 24.13, Cornelius Nepos, Hamilcar, 1.5, Bagnall, Nigel, The Punic Wars, pp. He met fierce resistance from the Iberia tribes, even the friendly Bastetani offered battle. #1. The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). Willing to relocate. Neither side would seek to recruit soldiers, levy tribute or build public buildings on the other power's territories. Carthage sent an expedition to Sardinia under Hanno, but this force killed their officers and joined the rebels. Envoys were sent to Hamilcar demanding an explanation. After weeks of maneuvering, Hamilcar finally managed to trap about 40,000 rebels in a valley surrounded on three sides by mountains.[66]. Hamilcar defeated the confederates, killed the leaders and several of their soldiers, while he released a number of prisoners and incorporated 3,000 of the enemy into his army. When this was done in an ancient-history classroom at the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. William C. McDermott responded: "Yes, Hannibal was as black as King David." The great Carthaginian was. Port area of Boston. [1] L Hamilcar the Carthaginian, son of Hannibal and surnamed Barca, in the First Punic War, but when it was nearly ended, was first put in command of an army in Sicily, when he was a very young man. Hamilcar Barca. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. Hamilcar Barca Conquers Iberia Hamilcar Barca had received much of the blame for causing the Truceless War, owing to the unrealistic promises he made to his troops while leading Carthaginian forces in Sicily. The Encyclopedia of Military Biography; Trevor N. Dupuy and others; 1995. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over.