If you put a glass under a diode laser machine for engraving, you won't see the results you need because it cannot generate the heat needed to engrave the glass. Katherine Crothall, Scott Siegel, and Noel Berger were Selected as Recipients of the 2023 Kumar Patel Prize in Laser Surgery, Dr. Kristen Berning Is Now a Fellow of the American Laser Study Club, Dr. Masking tape cutting with a diode laser is an easy job even for a low power module, so making a masking tape stencil is a piece of cake! As you already know, some laser cutters have a transparent plastic window to view the progress while the machine is in operation. With 0.08*0.06mm ultra fine compressed laser spot, xtool d1 pro always shows the best details whether in engraving or cutting. Another effective wavelength falls above the UV spectrum at 355 nm. Simply put, the thicker the glass, the harder it is to cut it. Nice to see that all those people who flat out say diode lasers cannot cut metal are wrong. After setting up xTool D1 Pro, you are ready to engrave the glass. CerMark or Enduramark) is applied on the surface of the workpiece. In other words - the laser goes through the acrylic or . This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. As I said, I had engraved on glass with a 15W laser on the6550 using vinyl and spray paint to create stencils and then using etching cream. The sheets of 6mm float glass has been hand cut and laser etched twice (both sides) to preserve the resolution of the data. A detailed guide about how to make your own DIY stamp >>> #7 - mirror engraving 10 Watt (10000 mw) "DeLux" Buy now! Best laser engravers for acrylic (plexiglass) To do a laser engraving on acrylic or glass you need a diode laser with wavelength 445 nm or a DPSS laser with 1064 nm wavelength of a Co2 laser with wavelength 10600 nm (10.6 um).. Diode laser and DPSS laser can only engrave on acrylic/plexiglass with reflective laser beam radiation. But with such measurements, its hard to make sense of it without some calculations, because we are absolutely not used to such values. The Renaissance of Science-based Laser Surgery, Dentistry and Safety Education, Soft-Tissue Cutting with Hot Glass Tip D, Breathe and Thrive Symposium Testimonials, Veterinary Laser Surgery Symposium Testimonials, https://www.americanlaserstudyclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/christensen-on-diodes.mp4, Practical Laser Applications in General Practice, Hot Glass Tip Diode Frenectomies ARE NOT Laser Frenectomies, SuperPulse 10,600 nm CO2 Laser Revision of Lingual Frenum Previously Released with a Diode Hot Glass Tip, Laser-Tissue Interaction Short Video Review Soft-Tissue Laser Education, Drs. With Endurance Lasers, you can engrave on glass using different colors as shown in the video on Youtube. Your IP: Laser engravers and cutters for your easy creation. Those are two of the best thermal conductors among commonly used metals. It catches fire quickly, burns rapidly, it melts, and only thin pieces cut. Option 1 - Once dry, using your brush or sponge apply an even coat of acrylic paint all over one side of your piece of glass. When it is completely dry, take the measurements (the width and length) and place it over the rotary attachment. thou is fine But when PCB people say mil, short for milli-inch (i.e, a thousandth of an inch) then THAT is confusing! Open LightBurn (or your chosen software). by bigsmith56 Sun Sep 05, 2021 3:00 pm, Post Rather than make things complicated, this will be an absolute beginners version of laser engraving on glass with a diode laser. Find the manual, video tutorials, and FAQs for all. It would also oxydize considerably. The main advantages of a diode laser engraver are their lower price and the ability to mark any surface without damaging the material.The process of engraving a glassLaser engraving on glass is a versatile process that produces useful and consistent results. Open LightBurn (or your chosen software). Reviews on Laser Cutting in Provo, UT - Custom Laser Specialty, OSH Cut, McGee's Stamp & Trophy, Color Quick, Ferreus Industries, Jack of all Trades - Master of Many, Imagix Laser, Cards2Life You need to adjust the speed and power rate based on different variables. Thanks. In a setup like this, about 80% of the light gets absorbed by the glass Si-O bond. Using the piece with Plasticote on one side, I ran it again. This is the #1 material that causes laser fires! Using the piece with acrylic paint on both sides, I increased the size of the image and ran the engrave. But to achieve the pulse, these units have high-end electronics and materials, which makes them more expensive than continuous-wave. When diode lasers are used, they do not cut optically. Surely the melting point of the glass is way higher than what this laser can achieve. I post process sheets by laying them between paper towels and covering with a heavy waterproof shelving board so that parts dry flat. Glass, marble or unpainted metals are much trickier and it needs some trials first how to use the color spray on them. I spray paint the top side black and leave the paper on the bottom side. To qualify, all items must be purchased as part of the same order. When diode lasers are used, they do not cut optically. 3mm laser on plywood with an 8-watt Endurance laser. Full instructions using Inkscape and plugins. Step 1: Clean the Engraving Surface of the Glass Using Denatured Alcohol. The first step is related to the cleaning of drinking glasses. For removing fingerprints, grease, oil, and other sticky residues, use denatured alcohol. A 3D printer has all of the necessary features to be used as a frame for a laser cutter or laser engraver. It absorbs a lot of the CO2 light, and its safe enough to take a quick look. An Endurance lasers library all you need to know about laser applications. And the ones with infrared light capabilities belong to the design-level and consumer category. Compatible 3D printers and CNC machines - compatibility list, Guide book for laser cutting / engraving parameters. Whilst were on the subject of diode lasers, you can get a lot of mileage from just, strapping such a laser module onto a desktop CNC, A 3D Printed Marble Run Features Neat Elevator Linkage, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIUAdINXZmQ&ab_channel=Clickspring, Supercon 2022: All Aboard The SS MAPR With Sherry Chen, AI-Controlled Twitch V-Tuber Has More Followers Than You. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Find out what American Laser Study Club members, leading dental educators and clinicians say aboutsoft-tissue cutting with hot glass tip diodes: The review by the ALSC member Robert Levine, DDS, just published in Inside Dentistry, recognizes the hot glass charred tip nature of cutting dental diodes The State of the Art of Lasers. At best, this piece of protective gear should have an optical density (OD) of 3+ or higher. Now, it's time to try the different pieces to see if they vary in quality. 50-100 times longer than most Chinese analogs. I read somewhere that thou shalt always say thous which I have tried to adhere to. On the software, you can adjust the size of the image according to the measurements of the object. Since most types of glass are clear, they absorb little energy from the given range. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. The glass might appear clean, but there could be fingerprints or small dust particles that can affect the engraving. Adjust the placement of the module. On big stencils, each row of the tape must be overlapped from the other. Its a mix of two materials that can't be cut. Therefore, it is better to apply denatured alcohol to the surface and clean it. Instead, the glass tip of the diode fiber is charred and heats up to between 500C to 900C via heating of the char by the diode laser light. And yes, the. Warranty. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. However, YouTuber [Chad] decided to respond to some comments about the possibility of cutting metal sheets using a high-power diode laser, with a simple experiment to actually determine what the limits actually are. Skip all those cheap Chinese made laser machines actually. The same physics-based assessment of cutting diodes summarized by Martin Kaplan, DMD. Best CNC Routers under $1000 Top Picks of 2022, CNC Mill for a Small Shop | Top 10 Budget-Friendly Options, FREE CNC Router Projects, DXF Files, and Plans, Can You Cut Copper on a Fiber Laser Cutter? But what about metals? and Lin Li and Shakeel Safdar". | How to Guide, Can you Laser Engrave Tempered Glass? (There is also an 80W laser available for the original 6550 and the SilverBack; and shortly a version will be available for the Mandrill and the 3018-Pro). And dont get me started on their efficiency. Choose the laser you need for your engraving machine - beginner, intermediate, professional options. What do you guys think? I think they overexaggerate the capability of their machines. Dental diodes do not cut the tissue with photons, but with hot charred glass! The material is painted steel cabinets found next to the trash bin for some years! That prevents UV and infrared wavelengths from reaching your eyes. I created Maker Industry to share my passion for maker tools and help others learn about 3D printing, CNC systems, laser cutting and more. Option 2 Repeat the above process with Plasticote paint. With a Co2 or diode laser + a 3D printer, you can make seals and stamps. Buy a few drinking glasses because you might end up wasting a few of them at the start. It will be much easier to use a wide masking tape. Paul McClay has updated the log for Minamil: a minimal CNC mill. xTool D1 Pro enables you to make a wide range of objects and engrave and cut different materials. I clearly have so much to learn but I appreciate everyone watching and offering up great ideas on things to try in the future. Kevin Hardin liked Valor Tactical Stealth sUAS. by nickm324 Mon Sep 06, 2021 11:26 am, Post You can buy cheap glasses for the trial, and once you understand the settings and nitty-gritty, you can opt for the standard glass. (Steel will warp from as low as 250C, for copper and aluminum this temperature is even lower.). La Bizounerie Reviews The YoraHome Mandrill 3036 CNC Router. Come check out the results!Materials NOT to use a laser on:https://www.jrlasersolutions.com/PDF/materials.pdfCheck out the NEW WEBSITE: https://www.builddadbuild.com/MERCH!! Cutting ABS plastic emits hydrogen cyanide, which is unsafe at any concentration. Ill be honest, after the time it took to scrape off one side, I didnt bother trying to scrape all of that off. OMTech 40 W - Most Affordable Glass Laser Engraving Machine. A variety of materials selected by xTool. How to Etch Acrylic? Wipe them off with a dry cloth and remove any dust. The best laser head for your 3D printer / CNC machine / engraving frame. Masking tape cutting with a diode laser is an easy job even for a low power module, so making a masking tape stencil is a piece of cake! Simple job but effective. by LAHobbyGuy Thu Jul 01, 2021 10:57 pm, Post In simple words, a diode laser is not powerful enough to etch glass alone. The ability to cut or engrave almost any material is now available if you have a 3D printer or a CNC machine. I have pure (water soluble) glycerin arriving tomorrow. I can say hands down that acrylic paint and how it washes off so easily makes it the preferred option for ease of process and just have a look at how it came out, its fabulous! Upload the design to the, On the software, you can adjust the size of the image according to the measurements of the object. Set speed and power to 300 mm/min and 50%. This paint does not wash off and requires careful removal I used a craft blade to scrape it off, be careful, these are very sharp! Its a common beginners question, often asked with a resigned look, that they already know the answer is going to be a hard no. It would be great to have powerfull Lasers at wavelengths with absortion rates of 80% and more Meanwhile we have to pump way more power into the material than theoretical necessay because of our lack of appropriate lasers. Yes, you need good ventilation with MDF, and really with any material. ultrafine engraving line thickness smaller laser focus (from 0.15*0.15mm to 0.08*0.06mm) and tiny engraving line width makes for impeccable details, thanks to the compresssed spot technology. Obviously, weve seen that diode lasers can have an impact on metals, simplysmearing a little mustard on the workpieceseems to make marking a snap. After executing the g-code I choose by eye the thinner black line and I measure the distance of this line from the first one. With this in mind, you should never look at the beam directly, even if you have the glasses on. In this study, a glass sheet is stressed thermally using a 808-940 nm diode laser radiation. Also, what rods or rails is the laser on that it can share this heated chamber with the heated workpiece, etc. I am loving it, Endurance lasers. Step 5: Wipe off the cold galvanizing compound to show the engraved image. by Benjones Thu Jul 01, 2021 10:40 pm, Post Great minds do think alike! If that's your situation, then we would recommend engraving tempered glass or acrylic. We have discussed the required materials and the step-by-step procedure. author = "Salman Nisar and Sheikh, {M. They are available up to ~20W of actual laser light power. Lifetime warranty. Several passes may cause thermal expansion and cracks or even break the glass as it cools down. Follow this assembly and first-use guide of xTool D1 Pro. To avoid this, test out the limits of the machine before you begin cutting for commercial projects. Anyway, stainless steel will be the easiest to cut because the thermal conductivity is the lowest of the metals. Air assist and laser heat still causes top side of balsa to evaporate faster during a job resulting in warping upward on cut parts even with soap solution. Thank you for writing and sharing this article it is an honor. Free diode lasers from Endurance for educators. Hobbyist-grade laser cutters can be a little restrictive as to the types and thicknesses of materials that they can cut. If copper and aluminum were untouched, that was almost certainly thermal conduction being the limiting factor, not reflection. With CO2 laser cutters marking is mostly used when working with metals. From there we go to millionths, and many operations are in the 10 to 40 millionths of an inch (go take a look at any of Dee Dees videos on operating a Moore Jig Borer. Learn more Cutting Glass with Class How to Use a Laser to Cut Glass CO2 . The .08 x .08 mm laser spot ensures great accuracy and detailed engraving on all your projects. September 21, 2022. To begin with, you cant cut glass with a wavelength within the visible spectrum. This reduces the heat applied to the glass and ultimately leads to a better result. But for wine glasses and drinking glasses with irregular cylinder shape, you need special rotary attachments. 550mmx300mm. by hoosier436 Thu Sep 23, 2021 6:10 pm, The Louisiana Hobby Guy by RichF & Rich F, Time: 0.079s | Peak Memory Usage: 12.02 MiB | GZIP: Off | Queries: 21. Re: Diode Hobby Laser Etching & Cutting Warning! Ever wonder what you can cut and engrave with your diode laser? In this study, a glass sheet is stressed thermally using a 808-940 nm diode laser radiation. The glass gets heated until the material literally evaporates, but this might cause deformation with some types of glass. A study is conducted here to analyse the cut deviation problem of glass by examining the stress fields during diode laser cutting of soda-lime glass sheets. All you need to know how to make the best laser beam focus! by SaturnSG Mon Sep 06, 2021 9:12 pm, Post Diode is weak and loosing power after time . In this study, a glass sheet is stressed thermally using a 808-940 nm diode laser radiation. Wearing goggles that block out the wavelength youre using is crucial. Having previously tried laser engraving on glass with my 3018-Pro (With Laser Module Kit) and my 6550 Laser Engraver, it was time to try out the new 6550-Pro Laser Engraver. I wasnt able to get this process to work to any degree of usefulness, but perhaps someone with more time and creativity can figure out a mode that works. One of the problems in laser cutting of glass with controlled fracture technique is the cut deviation at the leading and the trailing edges of the glass sheet. Set size of image. Performed with a 10W delux Endurance Laser. From Business: We provide sheet metal laser cutting services for mild steel, stainless, aluminum, brass, and copper. A study is conducted here to analyse the cut deviation problem of glass by examining the stress fields during diode laser cutting of soda-lime glass sheets. In addition, it can also be used to start a small laser engraving and cutting business. 2. Contact info@3dprint.com. The device that is closest to a diode that cuts on the same thermomechanical principle is electrocautery. Another article by the ALSC member Richard Winter, DDS, published earlier this year in Dentistry Today, Practical Laser Applications in General Practice, also mentions the thermo-mechanical nature of cutting diodes. abstract = "In laser cleaving of brittle materials using controlled fracture technique, thermal stresses are used to induce a crack and the material is separated along the cutting path by extending this crack. 95% power in one pass, 1.75mm depth of engraving after cleaning the char. You can engrave a seal or a stamp cutting it out from a piece of rubber. It can be applied evenly and offer excellent results. Now, adjust the focus of the laser. Can you Cut Glass with a Laser Cutter? Each one has its characteristics. Each printer comes with 3x Free bonus items, 1x Free Yora Filament Dryer For 1x 3D Printer + 5x PLA Filaments or 10x PLA Filaments, #1: 1x Free Yora 3018 Essential Bits For 1x Yora 3018 + 1x Yora 6550, #2: 1x Free Yora Rotate Module For 1x Yora 6550 + 1x Yora Draw, #3: 1x Free Yora Filament Dryer For 1x Yora 6550 + 1x 3D Printer, #4: 1x Free Yora TLC Rotary For 1x Yora 3018 + 1x Yora 6550 + 1x Yora Draw, #5: 1x Free Yora 6550 Z-Axis, Drag Chain, Air Assist and 3D Led Lamp For 1x Yora 3018 + 1x Yora 6550 + 1x Yora 3D Printer. Laser cut files SVG, DXF, CDR vector plans, laser cutting, cnc pattern, cnc cut, laser cut, cnc project, laser vector. But then, it depends on what type of glass you use. Click to reveal My YouTube Channel, The Louisiana Hobby Guy. This is when you test the settings to see what works on your material with your machine. But if you apply tempera paint or a cold galvanizing compound on the surface, it is possible to engrave the glass using a diode laser engraver machine. Be the next inspiration of our xTool community. by LAHobbyGuy Thu Jul 01, 2021 12:49 am, Post The tape can be applied to any material, but the results will be better in wood (painted or not), painted metal, and plastics. Due to the fact that every row of masking tape is overlapping the other, I made a test cut on the material having applied two layers of tape. Jarvis Dithering. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.". In order to avoid this damage it is necessary to understand the stress distributions which control crack propagation. The difference with metals is that they conduct heat really well, so you need enough power to punch a hole. Can you cut glass with a laser cutter? For different colored/translucent materials yes wavelength plays a big role, but from my understanding to cut metal there are two big factors: energy concentration (focal spot size) and total power output. It might also be the thermal conduction. This genius trick is guaranteed to create a smoother result as well since the engraving will not be black. When the height is increased, there is ample space for the rotary attachment and the glass. I always wear a dust mask when cutting it with my table saw because of all of the resins. The diode laser can engrave (etch) on all surfaces including glass, transparent acrylic, stainless steel, anodized aluminum, and titanium. The near-infrared wavelengths of dental diode lasers cannot photothermally ablate soft tissue, except for high-melanin-content epithelium. Our lasers work 10000 hours! To prevent warping while cutting, I used a spray bottle to periodically keep the top surface of the balsa moist during the job. How to Laser Engrave on Glass with xTool D1 Pro, Things You Need for Glass Engraving with xTool D1 Pro, Safety Measurements for Glass Laser Engraving, 5 Steps to Engrave Glass Using xTool D1 Pro, Obviously, we need a diode laser machine, and in our case, we are using, 1) Tempera Paint or Cold Galvanizing Compound, Drinking glasses are cylindrical, and for, xTool has solved this issue of rotary attachment by introducing the worlds first, 4-in-1 Rotary Attachment for Laser Engravers. Steel shim sheets in thicknesses from one to eight-thousandths of an inch appeared to be perfectly cuttable, with an appropriate air assist and speed settings, with thicker sheets needing a good few passes. Customs clearance. If your image opens as an image, go to Tools, Trace Image and this will convert it to a vector image. You need to set it up like your regular engraving task. Youre not evaporating the metal youre burning it. To keep things this way, we finance it through advertising and shopping links. Its worth noting that other kinds of glass usually require specific preparation and professional tools. In order to avoid this damage it is necessary to understand the stress distributions which control crack propagation. This allows you to cut through 3mm colored acrylic in one pass or 10mm wood in 2 passes. Laser cutting is generally safe for you and the environment. Get your diode laser that fits your 3D printer or CNC machine the best. Fiber coupled diode lasers come up to 200w in a 100u core fiber. While steel has a rather good absorption rate for CO2-Lasers 10m infrared wave length of 10 to 15%, Aluminium absorbs about ten times less. This is the frequency of light the laser cutter uses to cut materials, so it is very ineffective at cutting polycarbonate. Thus, it pays to take a closer look.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'makerindustry_com-box-4','ezslot_2',134,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-makerindustry_com-box-4-0'); Pulse lasers compress the cutting energy into short bursts. Super New Year Deals! You can follow the same steps for plain glass sheets or any other shape of the glass. One of the problems in laser cutting of glass with controlled fracture technique is the cut deviation at the leading and the trailing edges of the glass sheet. But there are specific safety guidelines you should always keep in mind. Were usually talking about CO, But what about metals? Getting started with Endurance diode lasers - focusing, settings, parameters, misc, How to connect the laser to 3D printers and CNC machines, How to connect the laser to your CNC machine or 3D printer. If you have a laser engraving machine, it is beneficial to understand how to engrave/etch glass. And some units require laser focus adjustments to ensure it goes all the way through. Laser engraving glass gives you an opportunity to try out different methods to achieve the frosted finish that you see other people accomplishing, as the issue with glass is that the laser beam either reflects off the glass or travels straight through it. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. At diode wavelengths around 1,000 nm, light scattering dominates the very weak absorption. Click on Start to begin engraving. or a waterjet cutter, or an EDM, or a drill and a coping saw and file (take a look at Clicksprings Fragments: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIUAdINXZmQ&ab_channel=Clickspring ). It is time for CERP ADA and PACE AGD and ADEA to pay attention to the science-based and not opinion-based CDE. How to Laser Cut a Jigsaw Puzzle with a Laser Cutter [with Tutorial Video]. Thank you for subscribing. Engraving glass using a diode laser is a bit different from engraving other common materials, such as wood. Then it does not burn, but evaporate instantly and thermal conduction is not a problem. Thank you! Cloudflare Ray ID: 78bbb80d5b3a6420 An eloquent take on cutting diodes by Robert Strauss, DDS, MD, tops our list of laconic summaries of the essence of soft-tissue cutting diodes (see photo below). One of the problems in laser cutting of glass with controlled fracture technique is the cut deviation at the leading and the trailing edges of the glass sheet. The first thing to factor in is the glass thickness. The tape absorbs the heat, and with enough power and a slow enough speed you can cut completely through copper clad PCB material. Surely the melting point of glass is way higher than what this laser can achieve. The Secret to Etching Pint Glasses with a Diode Laser. Instead, the glass tip of the diode fiber is charred and heats up to between 500C to 900C via heating of the char by the diode laser light. But again, the edges are very burnt. WilliamCNCfiles. In this study, a glass sheet is stressed thermally using a 808-940 nm diode laser radiation. Well, it does depent on the alloy. A Nd:YAG emission wavelength is 1064 nm, which is smack in the middle of the infrared spectrum. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. by LAHobbyGuy Tue Sep 21, 2021 11:35 pm, Post ABS does not cut well in a laser cutter. Out of curiosity, have you tried using oxygen assist (not just air, but oxygen), or maybe using an inert gas like argon or CO2? 2018-2022 YoraHome. Secondly, dont forget to wear safety goggles. The way it works is, that the laser heats up the glass in one tiny . However, laser cutters with UV capabilities are mostly for industrial applications. Therefore, its best if you can do everything in two, maybe three passes to minimize discrepancies and waste. We cut up to 3/4" thick metal, with supported part sizes up 2. I been doing sticky back cutting! You will see the crosshair on the object. Its a common beginners question, often asked with a resigned look, that they already know the answer is going to be a hard no. Second, things might just catch on fire in your machine. Infrared lasers: 6 / 8 / 10 / 15 watt (6000 / 8000 / 10000 / 15000 mw), An Endurance water cooling system (water + TEC peltier chiller) a chiller for your laser. How is laser engraving made on glass? Whilst were on the subject of diode lasers, you can get a lot of mileage from juststrapping such a laser module onto a desktop CNC. Secondly, you need a rotary attachment to rotate the glass. Will make tabs smaller in future. But if you apply tempera paint or a cold galvanizing compound on the surface, it is possible to engrave the glass using a diode laser engraver machine. What about etching/cutting MDF. KW - Controlled fracture technique (CFT). Choose the. This piece of art was made with 15 watt DUOS laser. Don't get frustrated halfway. The medical efficacy of this [diode] device-tissue interface (charred hot glass surface) is highly dependent on multiple factors: a) Users technique and skill in controlling the effectiveness of the tips initiation (or activation), i.e., creating a light-absorbing char layer on the tip end; b) Monitoring the degradation of the glass tips char surface which will increase the effective photo power output from the partially transmitting tip; the degraded char surface reduces tip temperature and leads to less ablation, an increased risk of near-IR-induced subsurface thermal-induced tissue necrosis, and mechanical tearing of the tissue by the cooler glass tips edges; c) Assessing and clinically managing the biocompatibility and sterility of the char that is produced by burned ink or corkwood immediately before applying the hot tip to the soft tissue and, also, the biocompatibility of the glass and its cladding materials at 500-900C operating temperatures; d) Staying within the thermomechanical thresholds for any thermal gradient-induced fractures of the hot glass tip at 500-900C operating temperatures, while considering the biocompatibility of possible fractured glass fragments; e) Users technique and skill in controlling hand movement and tip contact with the tissue; hot tip coagulation depth depends heavily on hand speed and tip-tissue contact duration..
Criminal Law Problem Question Model Answer Manslaughter, Eastenders Sonia Daughter, Ihss Protective Supervision Parent Provider,